{"id":13756,"date":"2025-01-14T09:54:05","date_gmt":"2025-01-14T08:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.jems-group.com\/?p=13756"},"modified":"2026-04-23T16:25:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T14:25:45","slug":"managing-hallucinations-in-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/en\/actualites\/gerer-les-hallucinations-en-ia\/","title":{"rendered":"Managing hallucinations in AI"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"13756\" class=\"elementor elementor-13756\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240e634 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"240e634\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62b218c elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-12335 elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"62b218c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/fr\/\">Accueil<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-816de0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"816de0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-798d721 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"798d721\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e053f1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e053f1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">G\u00e9rer les hallucinations en IA<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b09188 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"9b09188\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-7c979de\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__item-prefix\">Publi\u00e9 le <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>14 January 2025<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d01628e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d01628e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0976b1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0976b1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Les grands mod\u00e8les de langage (LLMs) ouvrent des perspectives fascinantes, mais leur fiabilit\u00e9 reste un d\u00e9fi crucial. Chez JEMS, nous explorons des techniques pour limiter les risques li\u00e9s aux \u00ab\u00a0hallucinations\u00a0\u00bb, afin d\u2019assurer des r\u00e9sultats pertinents et robustes dans des contextes critiques. D\u00e9couvrez notre m\u00e9thodologie et les solutions que nous privil\u00e9gions.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d44426 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d44426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Une faiblesse par construction\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-658453b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"658453b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Les LLMs sont des machines statistiques. Elles pr\u00e9disent et g\u00e9n\u00e8rent le prochain mot \u00e0 \u00e9mettre sur la base de la probabilit\u00e9 li\u00e9e au contexte qu\u2019on lui fournit, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des mots pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Les r\u00e9sultats produits depuis 2022 sont sans l\u2019ombre d\u2019un doute spectaculaires, tout autant que les \u00ab\u202frat\u00e9s\u202f\u00bb qui sont parfois connus sous le nom \u00ab\u202fd\u2019hallucinations\u202f\u00bb.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Le fait qu\u2019un mot soit \u00ab\u202fprobable\u202f\u00bb ne signifie en rien qu\u2019il soit \u00ab\u202fjuste\u202f\u00bb.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c53b39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8c53b39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"263\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/halucinations-IA.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-13762\" alt=\"halucinations IA\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/halucinations-IA.webp 400w, https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/halucinations-IA-300x197.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/halucinations-IA-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b3c680 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b3c680\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les risques des hallucinations\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aac2699 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aac2699\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Si ces hallucinations peuvent se r\u00e9v\u00e9ler \u00ab\u202facceptables\u202f\u00bb dans le cadre d\u2019un travail de cr\u00e9ation, d\u2019imagination o\u00f9 elles peuvent permettre de consid\u00e9rer des aspects auxquels on ne penserait pas\u202f; celles-ci peuvent se r\u00e9v\u00e9ler d\u00e9sastreuses dans le cas o\u00f9 la qualit\u00e9 de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration importe. Par exemple\u202f:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">R\u00e9ponse \u00e0 un client sur un point pr\u00e9cis du contrat. Les histoires d\u2019atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019image des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s se multiplient\u202f;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fonctionnement d\u2019un Agent ne prenant pas la bonne d\u00e9cision, n\u2019invoquant pas le bon outil, ce qui peut nuire grandement \u00e0 sa performance.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad7e6ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad7e6ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les travaux\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d702ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d702ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">La technique la plus simple pour \u00e9viter ces d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ments est de mettre la \u00ab\u202ftemp\u00e9rature\u202f\u00bb \u00e0 z\u00e9ro. Ce param\u00e8tre repr\u00e9sente en fait la repr\u00e9sentation statistique en sortie du r\u00e9seau de neurone. Plus la \u00ab\u202ftemp\u00e9rature\u202f\u00bb est \u00e9lev\u00e9e, plus les poids statistiques des mots candidats se rapprochent et donc plus texte peu prendre une direction ou une autre.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Malheureusement, jouer sur ce seul param\u00e8tre ne suffira pas et il conviendra de trouver d\u2019autres solutions pour maitriser la production des LLMs.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">De nombreux articles scientifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9s \u00e0 ce sujet et une synth\u00e8se est d\u2019ailleurs disponible ici (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/html\/2401.01313v2\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/html\/2401.01313v2<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Les auteurs distinguent deux grandes cat\u00e9gories de m\u00e9thodes\u202f:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li><strong>Les approches li\u00e9es aux prompts<\/strong>, qui optimisent la formulation des questions pos\u00e9es au mod\u00e8le.<\/li><li><strong>Les ajustements li\u00e9s aux mod\u00e8les<\/strong>, impliquant des modifications structurelles ou des entra\u00eenements sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25531a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"25531a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-13763\" alt=\"IA hallucinations tableau\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau-300x166.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 1 \u2013 Source : https:\/\/arxiv.org\/html\/2401.01313v2 <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40462ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40462ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">De notre point de vue, les m\u00e9thodes li\u00e9es aux mod\u00e8les sont \u00e0 la fois\u202f:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Plus complexes<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Soumises aux m\u00eames risques.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Elles sont plus complexes, car n\u00e9cessitent dans la plupart des cas une base d\u2019entrainement. Que cela soit sous la forme classique de questions \/ r\u00e9ponses (souvent utilis\u00e9 dans ces cas de fine tuning) ou bien en s\u2019appuyant sur la structure m\u00eame des mod\u00e8les\u202f:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Modification des probabilit\u00e9s de sortie (\u00ab\u202fContext-Aware-Decoding\u202f\u00bb, \u00ab\u202fDecoding by Constrasting Layers\u202f\u00bb)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Application de techniques \u00ab\u202fd\u2019Attention\u202f\u00bb afin de conserver la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration focalis\u00e9e sur les param\u00e8tres importants\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Elles sont soumises aux m\u00eames risques, car in fine, il n\u2019y a pas de contr\u00f4le de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, toujours statistique, en sortie.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Les autres techniques pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9tude \u00e9voqu\u00e9e, suivent une approche diff\u00e9rente, focalis\u00e9e sur la question et les informations fournies.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Le LLM n\u2019est pas remis en question ici, ce qui offre deux avantages\u202f:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Les solutions propos\u00e9es sont adaptables \u00e0 tout type de LLM.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"12\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ne sont pas soumises \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution des versions et mises \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8res des mod\u00e8les qui n\u00e9cessiteraient de prendre le travail pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">De fait, ces techniques s\u2019appuient sur des solutions \u00ab\u202fsur \u00e9tag\u00e8res\u202f\u00bb et cherchent au contraire \u00e0 \u00ab\u202fcadrer\u202f\u00bb, \u00ab\u202fcontr\u00f4ler\u202f\u00bb la production d\u2019un LLM, quitte \u00e0 les reprendre.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75c9ca8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"75c9ca8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les techniques pour encadrer la production des LLMs\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e537bfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e537bfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00c0 la base, on retrouvera la m\u00e9canique de type \u00ab\u202fGuardrails\u202f\u00bb. Il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 d\u2019avoir une boucle de r\u00e9action (un peu \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019asservissement)\u202fc\u2019est-\u00e0-dire un m\u00e9canisme contr\u00f4lant la production par rapport aux attentes. Tant que la qualit\u00e9 n\u2019atteint pas le niveau attendu, le LLM est invit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une nouvelle r\u00e9ponse.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Plusieurs m\u00e9thodes d\u00e9sign\u00e9es sous le nom de m\u00e9thodes d\u2019affinage par \u00e9valuation et raisonnement (self-refinement through feedback and reasoning) sont \u00e9voqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019article. Citons notamment\u202f:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"13\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chat-Protect\u202f: cette m\u00e9thode vise \u00e0 mettre en \u00e9vidence les contradictions et incoh\u00e9rences dans le raisonnement.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"14\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Self-Reflection\u202f: Int\u00e9gration progressive de donn\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9flexion<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1732eed elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1732eed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"527\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-13810\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau-2.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau-2-300x206.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau-2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 2 \u2013 Source : https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2310.06271 <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0f8176 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d0f8176\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"15\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Structured Comparative Reasoning\u202f: la m\u00e9thode produit des r\u00e9sultats interm\u00e9diaires diff\u00e9rents et cherche \u00e0 conserver le r\u00e9sultat le plus pertinent. En fonctionnant par \u00e9tapes, le r\u00e9sultat abouti \u00e0 une meilleure coh\u00e9rence et compl\u00e9tude.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e57a3a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e57a3a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"344\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau-3.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-13809\" alt=\"IA hallucinations tableau 3\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau-3.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau-3-300x134.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IA-hallucinations-tableau-3-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 3 \u2013 Source : https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2311.08390 <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b2e7ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b2e7ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cette derni\u00e8re m\u00e9thode n\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs pas sans rappeler la \u00ab\u202fchaine de v\u00e9rification\u202f\u00bb (Chain Of Verification \u2013 CoVe) qui vise \u00e0 auto v\u00e9rifier ses propres g\u00e9n\u00e9rations en g\u00e9n\u00e9rant des questions et en y r\u00e9pondant.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">De m\u00eame, CoNLI (Chain of Natural Language Inference) en \u00ab\u202fauto critiquant\u202f\u00bb ses r\u00e9ponses par rapports aux informations fournies en amont.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, on peut penser \u00e0 des\u00a0<strong>r\u00e9flexives<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire poussant le LLM \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier ses propres r\u00e9ponses par rapports aux documents fournis et \u00e0 la question pos\u00e9e. En tant qu\u2019\u00eatre humain, cela revient \u00e0 lire ce qu\u2019on \u00e9crit avant de l\u2019envoyer\u202f!<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>Les m\u00e9thodes bas\u00e9es sur les prompts ou la gestion des sorties pr\u00e9sentent des avantages significatifs en termes de flexibilit\u00e9, stabilit\u00e9, ou encore simplicit\u00e9 par rapport aux ajustements directs des LLMs. Et ces approches nous permettent de proposer des solutions robustes, adaptables et accessibles, sans d\u00e9pendre de la complexit\u00e9 technique des mod\u00e8les eux-m\u00eames.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4687b6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4687b6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a30d7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a30d7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Les hallucinations font donc partie de risques inh\u00e9rents aux LLMs. Si dans les domaines cr\u00e9atifs, ceci peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer une chance, il est malheureusement d\u2019autres domaines dans lesquels ceci peut devenir inacceptable.<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Plusieurs techniques sont disponibles et du point de vue de JEMS, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de privil\u00e9gier celles ind\u00e9pendantes des LLMs et visant la correction des erreurs plut\u00f4t qu\u2019esp\u00e9rer un LLM \u00ab\u202fparfait\u202f\u00bb.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On notera cependant un point commun\u202f:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"16\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Contr\u00f4ler la production des LLMs en d\u00e9coupant une t\u00e2che par sous-t\u00e2ches, petits pas.<\/span><br \/><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Une hallucination, une divergence sera plus faible sur une courte distance qu\u2019une longue<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Wingdings&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9642],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0a7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;singleLevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"17\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00c0 chaque \u00e9tape, \u00ab\u202fauto-challenger\u202f\u00bb ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9, si possible avec une approche de v\u00e9rification par rapport \u00e0 des faits av\u00e9r\u00e9s, mais dans tous les cas en prenant une approche contradictoire pour v\u00e9rifier la pertinence de ce qui est produit.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Notre d\u00e9marche repose sur l\u2019id\u00e9e que la ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019IA passe par une approche structur\u00e9e, int\u00e9grant des solutions adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 chaque contexte m\u00e9tier. En travaillant avec nos clients, nous d\u00e9veloppons des outils qui maximisent les opportunit\u00e9s offertes par l\u2019IA tout en r\u00e9duisant les incertitudes.<\/p><p><strong>Et vous, comment encadrez-vous vos projets IA pour garantir des r\u00e9sultats fiables et pertinents ?<\/strong>\u00a0Nos experts sont l\u00e0 pour vous accompagner dans cette transformation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e19b84 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3e19b84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/en\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contactez-nous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d16426c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d16426c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9f7a62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d9f7a62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PLUS DE RESSOURCES<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb231a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-343 elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcb231a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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rgba(0,0,0,0.5);--padding-top:0%;--padding-bottom:5%;--padding-left:0%;--padding-right:0%;}.elementor-12041 .elementor-element.elementor-element-64cf36a:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-12041 .elementor-element.elementor-element-64cf36a > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-color:var( --e-global-color-f6bd35a );}.elementor-12041 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5f4d684 img{width:100%;height:180px;object-fit:cover;object-position:center center;transition-duration:0.5s;border-radius:016px 016px 0px 0px;}.elementor-12041 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5f4d684:hover img{filter:brightness( 100% ) contrast( 100% ) saturate( 170% ) blur( 0px ) hue-rotate( 0deg );}.elementor-12041 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8a27494 .elementor-heading-title{font-size:21px;font-weight:700;line-height:30px;-webkit-text-stroke-color:#000;stroke:#000;color:#000000;}.elementor-12041 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a27494\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/en\/actualites\/ia-souveraine-un-enjeu-business-reglementaire-et-strategique-pour-les-entreprises-francaises\/\">IA souveraine : un enjeu business, r\u00e9glementaire et strat\u00e9gique pour les entreprises fran\u00e7aises<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7444ac3 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7444ac3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4424933 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4424933\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/en\/actualites\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explorer nos actualit\u00e9s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Large language models (LLMs) offer fascinating prospects, but their reliability remains a crucial challenge. At JEMS, we explore techniques to limit the risks associated with \u00abhallucinations\u00bb in order to ensure relevant and robust results in critical contexts. Discover our methodology and the solutions we favour.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13762,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>G\u00e9rer les hallucinations en IA - JEMS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les hallucinations sont le d\u00e9fi majeur des LLMs. D\u00e9couvrez notre m\u00e9thodologie pour encadrer l&#039;IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, limiter les erreurs et garantir des r\u00e9sultats exploitables\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jems-group.com\/en\/news\/managing-hallucinations-in-ai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"G\u00e9rer les hallucinations en IA - 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